The Long-lost Memory: Sunda Kelapa Port in the Past Trade Network and Jakarta's Identity Shaper
The Long-lost Memory: Sunda Kelapa Port in the Past Trade Network and Jakarta's Identity Shaper
Kartum Setiawan, Ary Sulistyo, Gunawan Wahyu Widodo
Komunitas Jelajah Budaya (KJB)
kartum.setiawan@gmail.com
Abstrak
Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa mempunyai peran yang penting dalam jalur rempah internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah mulai dari tahap heuristik, kritik intern dan kritik ekstern, tahap interpretasi, dan tahap historiografi. Sumber primer yang digunakan adalah catatan perjalanan (arsip), Plakaatboek tahun 1602-1811 dan Daghregister 1674, serta dari sumber-sumber sekunder seperti buku-buku tentang sejarah rempah dan sejarah pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sunda Kelapa sejak masa awal sejarah hingga akhir abad 18, secara terus-menerus menjalankan fungsi utama sebagai pusat pelabuhan komersial. Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa menjadi pusat pasar dan bandar transit yang memiliki corak maritim di Hindia-Timur. Sejarah perkembangan tersebut menjadi simbol identitas Jakarta bahwa ‘Sunda Kelapa’ hingga menjadi ‘Batavia’ yang dimulai dari pemukiman sederhana, pemukiman terkoordinasi, kota pusat perdagangan, dan akhirnya menjadi kota pusat kekuasaan, bahkan kini menjadi kota metropolitan. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak terlepasnya pengetahuan kebaharian Bangsa Austronesia yang sudah terukir jauh sebelum adanya bangsa Eropa menerapkan monopoli perdagangan rempah-rempah dan kolonisasi wilayah. Pelayaran sudah dilakukan baik secara insuler maupun interinsuler dalam membentuk jaringan perdagangan di Nusantara.
Kata Kunci: Sunda kelapa, jaringan perdagangan, bandar transit, identitas Jakarta
Abstract
Sunda Kelapa Port had a significant role in the international Spice Routes. The research used historical methods, from the heuristic stage, internal and external criticism, interpretation stage, and historiography stage. The primary source used was the travel log (archive), Plakaatboek from 1602-1811 and the 1674 Daghregister, and secondary sources, like spice history and Sunda Kelapa Port history books. The research shows that Sunda Kelapa had continuously performed the primary function as the commercial port center from the beginning of the historical period until the end of the 18th century. Sunda Kelapa Port became the market and transit hub with a maritime pattern in the East-indies. The development history became the identity symbol of Jakarta, from ‘Sunda Kelapa’ until it became ‘Batavia’, which started from a modest settlement, coordinated settlement, trading hub city, and eventually became the city center of power. Today it has even become a metropolitan city. It is because of the nautical knowledge of the Austronesians, which had been engraved long before the Europeans implemented the spice trade monopoly and area colonization. Shipping has been conducted both insular and intersular in trade networks in Nusantara.
Keywords: Sunda kelapa, trade network, transit hub, Jakarta’s identity
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Editor: Moh. Atqa dan Doni Ahmadi
Translator: Dhiani Proboshiwi
Image: Charles William Meredith van de Velde
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