Publication

A Gemstone on the North Coast of Java: Gresik in the Maritime Trade Network of Nusantara

Noor Fatia Lastika Sari | 13 December 2021

A Gemstone on the North Coast of Java:  Gresik in the Maritime Trade Network of Nusantara

Noor Fatia Lastika Sari¹, R. Achmad Sunjayadi¹, dan R. Ahmad Ginanjar Purnawibawa²

noorfatials@gmail.com

 

Abstrak

Terdapat sejumlah nama yang dikaitkan pada Gresik, sebuah kota pelabuhan di pesisir utara Jawa yang dulu berperan besar sebagai penghubung kegiatan perniagaan Nusantara. Salah satu namanya adalah Permata di Jawa, terinspirasi dari dinamika kota yang tercipta dari konsep port-polity, yang dipraktikkan oleh syahbandar setempat dengan berpartisipasi aktif pada politik lokal, dan memungkinkannya untuk mengendalikan perdagangan serta pemerintahan secara simultan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan Gresik sebagai salah satu pelabuhan ternama di Jawa pada masa keemasannya di antara abad ke-15 dan 16. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penulisan sejarah, yang mendasarkan penulisan pada sumber yang ditemukan, baik sumber lokal, arsip, maupun peninggalan arkeologi yang masih eksis. Sebagai pelabuhan pengumpul di kawasan timur pesisir utara Jawa, Gresik menjadi kota pelabuhan yang menghubungkan dua entrepot, yaitu Maluku di timur dan Malaka di barat. Peran Gresik sebagai mitra perantara di antara keduanya menunjukkan bagaimana pesisir utara Jawa bertransformasi dan menunjang perniagaan internasional, dan tentu memberikan makna baru bagi Gresik sebagai sebenar-benarnya Permata di Pesisir Utara Jawa.

Kata kunci: Gresik, jalur rempah, kota bandar pesisir utara jawa, port-polity.

 

Abstract

There are a number of names related to Gresik, a port city on the north coast of Java which formerly played a significant role as a connector for trade activities in Nusantara. One of the names is the Gemstone in Java, inspired by the city dynamics created by the concept of port-polity, practiced by the local port master who actively participated in the local politics and was allowed to control the trade and government simultaneously. This article aims to analyze the development of Gresik as one of the distinguished ports in Java during its glorious era in the 15th and 16th centuries. The writing method of this article is a historical method, in which the writing is based upon the sources discovered, including local sources, archives, and the existing archaeological remains. As a collecting port in the eastern area of the north coast of Java, Gresik became a port city that linked two entrepots, Maluku in the east and Malaka in the west. The role of Gresik as the intermediary partner between the two showed how the North Coast of Java transformed and supported international trade and gave a new meaning for Gresik as the true Gemstone on the North Coast of Java. 

Keywords: Gresik, spice routes, kota bandar pesisir utara jawa, port-polity.

_________

¹ Department of History, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University

² Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University

Editor: Moh. Atqa dan Doni Ahmadi

Translator: Dhiani Proboshiwi

Image: Denny Prasetyo/Xiaomi Community

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