Publication

The Development of Makassar as the World Port City in the XVII Century Spice Routes

Abd. Rahman Hamid | 19 November 2021

The Development of Makassar as the World Port City  in the XVII Century Spice Routes

Abd. Rahman Hamid[1], Rifal[2], Asmunandar[3]

e-mail: abdul_pasca@yahoo.com

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas perkembangan Makassar menjadi kota pelabuhan dunia. Untuk menjelaskan itu maka perlu menjawab tiga pertanyaan berikut: (1) Bagaimana posisi Makassar di jalur rempah? (2) Bagaimana jaringan perdagangan rempah di Makassar? dan, (3) sejauh mana perdagangan dan jalur rempah berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan Makassar menjadi kota dunia? Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Bahan yang digunakan adalah sumber lokal Makassar dan sumber asing Portugis, Inggris, dan Belanda. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa perkembangan Makassar merupakan kombinasi dari faktor geografis, perdagangan rempah, dan kebijakan politik lokal. Letak Makassar sangat strategis dalam jaringan Selat Makassar, Laut Banda, Laut Flores, dan Laut Jawa sehingga dapat tumbuh menjadi entrepȏt dan pusat perdagangan rempah terkemuka di kawasan timur Nusantara. Semua pedagang asing yang terlibat dalam perdagangan ini membangun pemukiman dan loji di Makassar. Penduduk Makassar giat berdagang di Maluku dan mendapat dukungan dari pedagang Portugis, Inggris, dan Denmark. Penguasa Makassar menjalankan kebijakan laut dan pelabuhan bebas. Semua itu membuat Makassar cepat berkembang menjadi kota pelabuhan dunia yang bersifat kosmopolitan di jalur rempah pada bagian pertama abad XVII.

Kata kunci: Makassar, perdagangan rempah, jalur rempah, kota pelabuhan dunia

 

Abstract 

This article discusses the development of Makassar as a world port city. In this regard, three questions need to be answered:  first, what is the position of Makassar in the Spice Routes? Second, what is the pattern of the spice trade in Makassar? And lastly, how far did the trade and spice routes influence the development of Makassar as a world city? This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The sources used are local Makassar sources and Portuguese, English, and Dutch foreign sources. The results show that the development of Makassar as a world city is a combination of geography, spice trades, and local political policies. Makassar's position is very strategic in the Makassar Strait, Flores Sea, Banda Sea, and the Java Sea network to grow into a leading entrepȏt and spice trade hub in the eastern region of Nusantara. All foreign traders involved in the spice trade built their settlements and logs in Makassar. The Makassarese were very active in trading in the Moluccas and had the support of Portuguese, British and Danish traders. The Makassar rulers carried out a policy of free seas and ports. All of this made the port quickly develop into a cosmopolitan world port city in the spice routes in the early XVII century. 

Keywords: Makassar, spice trade, spices route, world port city

__________

[1]Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

[2]Universitas Negeri Makassar

[3]Universitas Negeri Makassar

Editor: Moh Atqa & Doni Ahmadi

Translator: Dhiani Proboshiwi

Image: Johannes Vingboons

Download PDF

 

This content was created by contributors to Jalur Rempah. The Contributor page is a platform for Jalur Rempah that was specifically initiated for the general public to submit content (in the form of writing, photos and videos) and share their experiences about The Spice Routes. Any content from contributors is the sole responsibility of the contributor.

Popular Publications

The Growth of “Port City” in North Sulawesi and the Maluku Spice Trade Trajectory

20 December 2021

From Ancient Egypt to Islam-Abbasiyah: the Historical Ecosystem of Nusantara Spices in Pre-Colonial Era

22 October 2021

Baubau in the Spice Routes of the Eastern Indonesia

3 December 2021

Latest Publications

Baubau in the Spice Routes of the Eastern Indonesia

3 December 2021

Baubau in the Spice Routes of the Eastern Indonesia

3 December 2021

Baubau in the Spice Routes of the Eastern Indonesia

3 December 2021

Related Publications

Various efforts have been made to preserve the history of spice route, one of which is by conducting various studies and publications related to the spice route

...

Baubau in the Spice Routes of the Eastern Indonesia

Haliadi

3 December 2021

...

Baubau in the Spice Routes of the Eastern Indonesia

Haliadi

3 December 2021

...

Baubau in the Spice Routes of the Eastern Indonesia

Haliadi

3 December 2021